Computer Networks Programming

OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). OSPF was designed expressly for IP networks and it supports IP subnetting and tagging of externally derived routing information. OSPF also allows packet authentication and uses IP multicast when sending and receiving packets. The OSPF protocol is a link-state routing protocol, which means that the routers exchange topology information with their nearest neighbors. The topology information is flooded throughout the Autonomous System(AS). This picture is then used to calculate end-to-end paths through the AS, normally using  Dijkstra's algorithm. OSPF protocol network topology Configuration of OSPF using CLI in Cisco Packet Tracer: The steps to set up the RIP is same to some point as setting a router network link explained in previous blog. The further steps to follow are given below: Type  no ip route network_ip network_subnet gateway_router_address. (e.g.): no ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.20 Then type

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) uses broadcast UDP data packets to exchange routing information. Cisco software sends routing information updates every 30 seconds. If a device does not receive an update from another device for 180 seconds or more, the receiving device marks the routes served by the non-routing device as unusable. If there is still no update after 240 seconds, the device removes all routing table entries for the non-updating device. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) sends routing-update messages at regular intervals and when the network topology changes. When a device receives a RIP routing update that includes changes to an entry, the device updates its routing table to reflect the new route. After updating its routing table, the device immediately begins transmitting RIP routing updates to inform other network devices of the change. The network topology connecting 3 networks. CONFIGURATION OF RIP USING CLI IN CISCO PACKET TRACER: The steps

Routing is a process which is performed by layer 3 (or Network Layer) devices in order to deliver the packet by choosing an optimal path from one to another. Static Routing-        Static Routing is a process in which we have to manually add a router in a routing table.       Advantages- No Routing overhead for router CPU which means a cheaper router can be used to do routing. It adds security because the only administrator can allow routing to a particular network only. No bandwidth usage between routers.        Disadvantages- For a large network, it is a hectic task for an administrator to manually add each router for the network in the routing table on each router. The administrator should have good knowledge of the topology. If a new administrator comes, then he has to manually add each route. CONFIGURING ROUTERS: Connect the PCs with the switch through copper straight through cable by inserting into their Fast Ethernet port. Then connect the switch